DESCARTES' IDEALISM

[B275] Descartes' idealism is problematic, as opposed to Berkeley's dogmatic idealism and Kant's transcendental idealism. "Problematic idealism...pleads incapacity to prove, through immediate experience, any existence except our own"; Kant argues that this problematic attitude is justified in the absence of his "proof of experience" (which, however, involves rejecting the transcendental realism shared by both Descartes and Berkeley). (At A369 Kant defines transcendental realism as the view which "regards time and space as something given in themselves, independent of our sensibility...the transcendental realist...interprets outer appearances...as things-in-themselves, which exist independently of us and of our sensibility"; it is Kant's view, of course, that appearances and intuitions do not exist independently of us our (the conditions of) our sensibility).